Engineering Materials
Since the earliest days of the evolution of mankind, the main distinguishing features between human begins and other mammals has been the ability to use and develop materials to satisfy our human requirements. Nowadays we use many types of materials, fashioned in many different ways, to satisfy our requirements for housing, heating, furniture, clothes, transportation, entertainment, medical care, defense and all the other trappings of a modern, civilised society.
Most materials doesn’t exist in its pure shape , it is always exist as a ores During the present century the scope of metallurgical science has expanded enormously, so that the subject can now be studied under the following headings :
- a) Physical metallurgy
- b) Extraction metallurgy
- c) Process metallurgy
In the recent years studying the metallurgy science gave to humanity an ever growing range of useful alloys. Whilst many of these alloys are put to purposes of destruction, we must not forget that others have contributed to the material progress of mankind and to his domestic comfort.
This understanding of the materials resources and nature enable the engineers to select the most appropriate materials and to use them with greatest efficiency in minimum quantities whilst causing minimum pollution in their extraction, refinement and manufacture.
Engineering Materials Introduction
Selection of Materials, Engineering Materials, Ferrous metals and Non-Ferrous, Composite Materials, Heat treatment, Dezincification of brass and Degradation of plastic
Cast Steels Equivalents
This is a comparison table for the CAST STEELS grades of various standards including ASTM, BSI, DIN, NFA and JAPENESE
Cast Iron Equivalents
Equivalent Grades of Cast Iron – This is a comparison table for the CAST IRON grades of various standards including ASTM, BSI, DIN, NFA and JAPENESE
Difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel
Both are non-magnetic, austenitic, and non-hardenable through heat treatment. Each of these stainless steel grades will resists corrosion, are quite durable, and are easily formed and fabricated.
Ferrous metals and alloys
Ferrous metals – plain carbon steels
Ferrous metals are based on the metallic element iron (Latin ferrum =iron).
British standards relating to ferrous metals
It is still widely used but should not be quoted when specifying wrought steels for new designs and products
Ferrous metals- alloying elements
Alloy steels are carbon steels containing less than 1% carbon but to which other metals have been added in sufficient quantities to alter the properties of the steel significantly. The more important alloying elements are as follows –
Some typical steels & their applications
Plain carbon steels, Low-alloy constructional steels, Alloy tool and die steels, Stainless and heat-resisting steels
Some typical tool steels
Some typical tool steels
Flake (grey), cast irons; Grey cast irons; Malleable cast irons
Cast iron is the name given to those ferrous metals containing more than 1.7% carbon.
Spheroidal graphite cast irons & Alloy cast irons
Spheroidal graphite cast iron is also known as nodular cast iron, ductile cast iron, highdutycast iron, etc
Non-ferrous metals and alloy
Non-ferrous metals and alloys
Non-ferrous metals are all the known metals other than iron
Equivalents and Designations: Ferrous Metals
High Silicon and White Cast Irons
High Silicon and White Cast Irons – equivalents of BS UK, UNS USA, AISI/SAE/ASTM, W-Nr Germany, DIN and SIS Sweden
General Grade Cast Irons
General grade cast irons – equivalents of BS UK, UNS USA, AISI/SAE/ASTM, W-Nr Germany, DIN and SIS Sweden
Carbon Steels
Carbon steels – equivalents of BS UK, UNS USA, AISI/SAE/ASTM, W-Nr Germany, DIN, SIS Sweden, AFNOR France, UNI Italy, JIS Japan and GOST Russia
Low Alloy Steels
Low alloy steels – equivalents of BS UK, UNS USA, AISI/SAE/ASTM, W-Nr Germany, DIN, SIS Sweden, AFNOR France, UNI Italy, JIS Japan and GOST Russia
Cast Stainless Steels
Carbon steels – equivalents of BS UK, UNS USA, AISI/SAE/ASTM, W-Nr Germany, DIN, SIS Sweden, AFNOR France, UNI Italy, JIS Japan and GOST Russia
Wrought Stainless Steels (Austenitic)
Wrought stainless steels (Austenitic) – equivalents of BS UK, UNS USA, AISI/SAE/ASTM, W-Nr Germany, DIN, SIS Sweden, AFNOR France, UNI Italy, JIS Japan and GOST Russia
Copper Alloys Conductor Grades of Copper, Wrought
Conductor Grades of Copper, Wrought – equivalents of ISO, British Standard, CEN Number, ASTM Equivalent
Alloyed Conductor-Grade Coppers, Wrought
Alloyed Conductor-Grade Coppers, Wrought – equivalents of ISO, British Standard, CEN Number, ASTM Equivalent
High Conductivity Coppers, Cast
High Conductivity Coppers, Cast – equivalents of ISO, British Standard, CEN Number, ASTM Equivalent
Nickel Alloys Nickel Alloys
Nickel alloys – UNS USA, ASTM, ASME, AMS, BS UK, AFNOR France, DIN Germany and Werksoff No.
Mechanical Properties and Application of Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic and Duplex Grades
X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 (1.4372) Material Properties
X12CrMnNiN18-9-5 (1.4373) Material Properties
X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301) Material Properties
X8CrNiS18-9 (1.4305) Material Properties
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (1.4404) Material Properties
X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 (1.4429) Material Properties
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (1.4401) Material Properties
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (1.4571) Material Properties
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) Material Properties
X2CrNiN23-4 (1.4362) Material Properties
X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 (1.4501) Material Properties
X2CrMoTiS18-2 (1.4523) Material Properties
X6CrMoS17 (1.4105) Material Properties
X6Cr13 (1.4000) Material Properties
X6Cr17 (1.4016) Material Properties
X20Cr13 (1.4021) Material Properties
X39CrMo17-1 (1.4122) Material Properties
X14CrMoS17 (1.4104) Material Properties
X12CrS13 (1.4005) Material Properties
Nickel Alloys Grade Equivalent – ASTM, BS EN, AFNOR, DIN etc
Nickel Alloys Grade Equivalent – ASTM, BS EN, AFNOR, DIN etc
Mechanical Properties of Some Unalloyed Structural Steels Grade
Mechanical Properties of Unalloyed Structural Steels
Mechanical Properties Quenched and Tempered Steels
Mechanical Properties Quenched and Tempered Steels
Brinell Hardness of Hardening Steels in Treated Conditions
Brinell Hardness of Hardening Steels in Treated Conditions
Sheet Metal Gauge Size Chart
Sheet Metal Gauge Size Chart